TikZJax converts script tags (containing TikZ code) into SVGs.
See a live demo at https://tikzjax.com/.
In the <head> of your HTML, include
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://tikzjax.com/v1/fonts.css">
<script src="https://tikzjax.com/v1/tikzjax.js"></script>
Then in the <body>, include TikZ code such as
<script type="text/tikz">
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) circle (1in);
\end{tikzpicture}
</script>
Your TikZ will be compiled into SVGs; the <script> element will be
replaced with the corresponding SVG. For instance, the above code generates
Using web2js, the Pascal source of tex
is compiled to WebAssembly; the latex format is loaded (without all the hyphenation data), and
\documentclass[margin=0pt]{standalone}
\def\pgfsysdriver{pgfsys-ximera.def}
\usepackage{tikz}
is executed. Then core is dumped; the resulting core is compressed, and by reloading the dumped core in the browser, it is possible to very quickly get to a point where TikZ can be executed. By using an SVG driver for PGF along with dvi2html, the DVI output is converted to an SVG.
To emphasize this: all of this happens in the browser.